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Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... Dec 2013Most tumors of the ovary presumed benign according to clinical, biological and imaging data are cysts. A cyst is a newly formed cavity lined by epithelium. It tends to... (Review)
Review
Most tumors of the ovary presumed benign according to clinical, biological and imaging data are cysts. A cyst is a newly formed cavity lined by epithelium. It tends to enlarge, and can undergo torsion, rupture and haemorrhage. Most prevalent cystic lesions, i.e. inclusion cysts, serous or mucinous cystadenomas, endometriotic cysts, mature teratoma and other cysts are described. Diagnostic methods of cytology and pathology are described and evaluated: intraoperative examination of cystic and peritoneal fluids are not recommended; intraoperative consultation can be performed on solid parts or implants, if the pathologist is familiar with these lesions, or if primary carcinoma is known. The value of intraoperative examination is good in benign and cancer cases, but unsatisfactory in borderline lesions, especially of mucinous type. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue can be performed to preserve tumoral and normal tissue in Biobank for research protocol, or to maintain fertility through follicle preservation, in aseptic conditions. Transfer of samples towards the pathology laboratory can be performed either and preferably in fresh state, or in vacuum sealed bags at +4°C allowing a 2-day delay, or after immersion in a 15 × volume of 4% formalin. Cytological samples must be collected on citrate and sent immediately to the pathology laboratory, or fixed volume/volume in of absolute alcohol. The pathologist and the surgeon must collaborate to obtain good practice: intact labelled sample, accompanied by clinical information, transfer according to best local conditions, judicious use of intraoperative examination, knowing its possibilities and limitations, no excess delay of pathology report, even in difficult cases requiring expert opinion.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cryopreservation; Cystadenoma; Cytodiagnosis; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Specimen Handling; Teratoma
PubMed: 24200072
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.026 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... May 2019Endosalpingiosis rarely occurs in the uterus. We report a case and review literature to explore its current clinical diagnosis and treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Endosalpingiosis rarely occurs in the uterus. We report a case and review literature to explore its current clinical diagnosis and treatment.
CASE REPORT
A 31-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for suspected uterine leiomyoma with cystic degeneration based on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and surgical treatment. Laparoscopy revealed a large cystic mass protruding from the posterior uterine wall. The mass was resected, and a histologic examination showed that the cyst wall was lined with benign fallopian tube-type ciliated epithelium surrounded by normal myometrium, consistent with the diagnosis of endosalpingiosis of the uterus (also known as a Müllerian cyst). Currently, there are 18 cases (including ours) in the literature. Of these, two had a uterine malignancy, one endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, and another cervical adenocarcinoma. The age at diagnosis varied from 31 to 73, with a mean of 47 ± 8. The typical clinical manifestations were a palpable low abdominal mass, abnormal menstrual bleeding, and pelvic pain. Overall, 75% (12 of 16) of patients underwent a total hysterectomy, while 62.5% (10 in 16) had a concomitant bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for nonmalignancy. No recurrence was reported.
CONCLUSION
We describe the youngest patient with tumor-like uterine endosalpingiosis. The preoperative diagnosis is challenging because of its rarity. Most patients had a hysterectomy with castration, which may have resulted in overtreatment. Awareness of this lesion is necessary for the differential diagnosis of uterine and adnexal tumors. Review of relevant literature has shown a relationship between endosalpingiosis progression and cancer development, indicating an uncertain and complicated pathology.
Topics: Adult; Cysts; Fallopian Tube Diseases; Female; Humans; Myometrium; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 31122517
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.03.006 -
Medicine Jul 2023Trichilemmal cyst (TC), also known as trichodermal cyst, trichodermal isthmus-degenerative cyst. It is a benign skin lesion originating from the outer hair root sheath,...
RATIONALE
Trichilemmal cyst (TC), also known as trichodermal cyst, trichodermal isthmus-degenerative cyst. It is a benign skin lesion originating from the outer hair root sheath, with low incidence and few reports.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 41-year-old patient had found a scalp lump for more than 10 years. A 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm lump on the right occipital region was touched more than 10 years ago without special treatment. In the past 2 years, the lump has gradually increased. Physical examination: 4 protruding lumps can be reached in the scalp. One lump in the right occipital region is about 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm, with 1 lump immediately below and 2 lumps in the left temporal region. All lumps can be pushed.
DIAGNOSES
The lesion is located in dermis, The lesion is solid, and the contents of the cyst were cheese-like white material, and the inner and outer walls of the cyst were smooth and shiny. Pathological results showed that the lesion was TC. The cyst wall is epidermal tissue, the spinous layer and basal layer are intact, there is no granular layer, and the protein in the cyst is dense.
INTERVENTIONS
All lumps were completely surgically removed.
OUTCOMES
The wound healed well after TC resection. There was no recurrence of TC after 1 year follow-up.
LESSONS
The clinical manifestations of scalp TC are not specific, and the diagnosis needs pathological examination, and the prognosis of total excision is good.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms; Epidermal Cyst; Prognosis; Epidermis
PubMed: 37443491
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034213 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2016Due to the expanding use of diagnostic imaging, an increasing number of liver tumours are discovered. Benign tumours are very common; they rarely cause symptoms and... (Review)
Review
Due to the expanding use of diagnostic imaging, an increasing number of liver tumours are discovered. Benign tumours are very common; they rarely cause symptoms and often they do not require any treatment. However, because of differences in the natural history including risk of complications and malignant transformation exact diagnosis is important. Dedicated radiological examinations serve as important diagnostic tools reducing the need for biopsy. In this review we provide an update on the diagnosis and treatment of benign liver tumours adding to existing recommendations on hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas.
Topics: Algorithms; Cysts; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; Hemangioma; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 26957486
DOI: No ID Found -
Ophthalmology Jan 2017Children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant condition, manifest a variety of ophthalmologic conditions. Plexiform neurofibromas... (Review)
Review
TOPIC
Children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant condition, manifest a variety of ophthalmologic conditions. Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) involving the eyelid, orbit, periorbital, and facial structures (orbital-periorbital plexiform neurofibroma [OPPN]) can result in significant visual loss in children. Equally important, OPPNs can cause significant alteration in physical appearance secondary to proptosis, ptosis, and facial disfigurement, leading to social embarrassment and decreased self-esteem.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although NF1 is a relatively common disease in which routine ophthalmologic examinations are required, no formal recommendations for clinical care of children with OPPNs exist. Although medical and surgical interventions have been reported, there are no agreed-on criteria for when OPPNs require therapy and which treatment produces the best outcome.
METHODS
Because a multidisciplinary team of specialists (oculofacial plastics, pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, medical genetics, and neuro-oncology) direct management decisions, the absence of a uniform outcome measure that represents visual or aesthetic sequelae complicates the design of evidence-based studies and feasible clinical trials.
RESULTS
In September 2013, a multidisciplinary task force, composed of pediatric practitioners from tertiary care centers experienced in caring for children with OPPN, was convened to address the lack of clinical care guidelines for children with OPPN.
CONCLUSIONS
This consensus statement provides recommendations for ophthalmologic monitoring, outlines treatment indications and forthcoming biologic therapy, and discusses challenges to performing clinical trials in this complicated condition.
Topics: Child; Consensus; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Disease Management; Eyelid Neoplasms; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Neurofibroma, Plexiform; Neurofibromatosis 1; Orbital Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 27817916
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.020 -
Orthopaedic Surgery Aug 2022To describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short- and medium-term outcomes, and...
OBJECTIVE
To describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short- and medium-term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow-up imaging evaluations.
METHODS
A total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study. The age range of the patients was 6-34 years. All patients underwent a complete physical examination, X-ray, Doppler ultrasound, and MRI of the knee preoperatively. After an arthroscopic diagnosis of a meniscal rupture with a giant meniscal cyst, partial meniscectomy, ablation of the cyst, and suturing of the retainable meniscus were performed. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up. Clinical outcomes were classified into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. During the last visit, all patients underwent MRI to assess the recurrence of the cyst and meniscal suture healing.
RESULTS
Preoperative MRI and arthroscopic examination revealed giant meniscal cysts combined with meniscal tears and congenital discoid meniscus, and all giant meniscal cysts occurred in the lateral meniscus. The main types of meniscal tears were horizontal and complex tears. The cysts were unicystic in one case and multicystic in eight cases. The mean size of the cysts on the MRI was 5.86 cm × 2.24 cm × 2.48 cm. The mean follow-up periods were 37.5 (19-60) months. Clinical outcomes were excellent in six patients and good in three patients. The postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative scores (Lysholm: 90.78 ± 4.60 vs. 54.56 ± 7.25; IKDC: 96.2 ± 3.46 vs. 61.69 ± 3.36; p <0.01). No recurrence of the cyst was indicated on the MRI, and there was good healing of the torn meniscus.
CONCLUSIONS
Arthroscopic cystectomy combined with the meniscus suture technique was effective to eradicate residual cyst cavities, and traffic orifices be highly recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthroscopy; Child; Cysts; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Knee Injuries; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Menisci, Tibial; Retrospective Studies; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 35818343
DOI: 10.1111/os.13374 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2019Spinal schwannomas are benign tumors accounting for 30% of all spinal tumors. They originate from the shwann cells of the spinal roots. We report our experience in...
Spinal schwannomas are benign tumors accounting for 30% of all spinal tumors. They originate from the shwann cells of the spinal roots. We report our experience in managing patients with spinal shwannomas, from diagnosis to treatment modalities, in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University Hospital Hassan II in Fez over a period of 13 years. The patients with spinal shwannomas accounted for 19.5% of those with spinal cord compression treated surgically over the same period. The average age of patients was 45 years, with a discreet female predominance. Spinal schwannomas had an insidious onset, then the median of consultation time was 18 months. The main symptoms were spinal and radicular pain. Half of our patients had neurological deficits. Medullary MRI was performed in all of our patients. Spinal schwannomas occurred predominantly in the chest (40%); 62% of shwannomas were intradural lesions, rarely extradural lesions (8%) and mixed lesions(4%). Complete Surgical resection was performed in 96% of cases with osteosynthesis in two cases and arthrodesis in a single case. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign neurinoma in 23 cases, malignant shwannoma in one case and neurofibroma in one case. Outcome was favorable in the majority of cases, two patients had complications, an infection of the wall and neurological worsening. The interest in the subject of our study is to highlight the features of these lesions and to compare the results of our case series with the data in the literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Compression; Spinal Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 31692754
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.199.17921 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Apr 2018Ganglion cyst of cruciate ligaments is a rare lesion; the prevalence is 0.3-0.8%. The purpose of this study was to present clinical features of symptomatic posterior...
BACKGROUND
Ganglion cyst of cruciate ligaments is a rare lesion; the prevalence is 0.3-0.8%. The purpose of this study was to present clinical features of symptomatic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) cyst, introduce the arthroscopic excision technique, and evaluate the clinical outcome.
METHODS
A series of 11 patients with symptomatic PCL cyst from November 2012 to December 2014 were involved in this retrospective study. Detailed medical history collecting and physical examination were conducted. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was used to confirm the diagnosis. Arthroscopic resection was performed, and the sample of the cyst was taken for pathologic examination. The follow-up averaged 30.7 months. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the range of motion (ROM), and MRI evaluations were obtained pre- and postoperatively to assess the surgical outcome. SPSS software was used for statistics analysis.
RESULTS
Eight males and 3 females with 6 left knees and 5 right knees were enrolled, the mean age was 34.4 years, and the duration of symptom was 19.0 months. All cases had a definite history of knee trauma or injury. The most common symptom was knee pain at flexion or in flexion-associated activities. MRI revealed the location and size of the cyst in each case. Pathologic examination showed the cyst wall was composed of dense fibroconnective tissue and widespread thick bundles of collagen, which is similar to the structure of ganglion cyst. At the final follow-up, MRI evaluation showed no cyst recurrence. The preoperative ROM and IKDC score were 2.3° to 108.6° and 40.5 ± 11.3, respectively, compared with the postoperative ROM and IKDC score which were 0° to 134.1° and 85.5 ± 4.8 (p < 0.05) separately.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the etiology of symptomatic PCL cyst is most likely associated with trauma, pain on flexion is a typical manifestation of symptomatic PCL cyst, MRI evaluation is an ideal examination for the diagnosis, and arthroscopic resection of symptomatic PCL cysts has a good outcome with no recurrence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthroscopy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Ganglion Cysts; Humans; Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Posterior Cruciate Ligament; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29653540
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0798-x -
Medicine Sep 2022Uro-originated epidermoid cysts, especially located in the upper urinary tract are rare and only 4 cases of epidermoid cyst occurring in the upper urinary tract have...
RATIONALE
Uro-originated epidermoid cysts, especially located in the upper urinary tract are rare and only 4 cases of epidermoid cyst occurring in the upper urinary tract have been reported worldwide so far. In the previous cases, the cysts were diagnosed as tumors and organs were removed.
PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS
We report a case of epidermoid cyst in ureter in a 48-year-old female patient admitted to the local hospital suffering from paroxysmal pain in the right hypochondriac for 8 years.
INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
She underwent right ureteroscopy in order to rule out the possibility of urinary epithelial carcinoma. The tumor was pathological diagnosed as a benign ureterocyst epidermoid. Postoperatively, the patient showed good recovery. During the 24-month follow-up period, the patient remained well and free of complications.
CONCLUSION
This case illustrates that benign epidermoid cysts can appear in the ureter, although it is extremely rare. It also indicates that perioperative examinations must be exhaustive to avoid the further injury to the patients.
Topics: Epidermal Cyst; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ureter
PubMed: 36123920
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030254 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2020
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Neurofibrosarcoma; Neurologic Examination; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
PubMed: 31841094
DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.1.47